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Hope of Harvest

ripe blueberry

One blueberry has renewed my faith.

This evening my mom came over, and since she hadn’t been here in a month or so I walked her around the yard, showing her this new plant and that one.  The best part was her spotting the first ripe blueberry. She saw her first tomatillo plant, watched the monarch butterflies cavorting in the buddleia, and found several baby cantaloupes.

babycantaloupeWalking around with my mom, hearing her exclamations over how all the plants had grown so much, helped me see the garden anew. I sent her home with a tiny harvest- five tiny tart goji berries and one of the four precious peaches- and a promise for much more. I went inside with a renewed sense of purpose, a reinforcement that I’m heading in the right direction. The more I care for this land, the more this land gives back to us.

An Observation on Squash Vine Borers

Here’s a photo of my man-eating, hostage-taking squash polyculture bed. It’s hard to tell, but there are dragontongue beans, cosmos, tomatillos, and a young Fuyu persimmon tree in there too. These are all planted in the center hill-bed. The squash vines have spread 10 feet in every direction.

squash vines1

I thought these were going to be Seminole pumpkins, but they are a mix of Spaghetti squash and an as-yet-unidentified squash or maybe pumpkin with green stripes.

Obviously spaghetti squash.

Obviously spaghetti squash.

And obviously not spaghetti squash.

And obviously not spaghetti squash.

Here’s an interesting observation on Squash Vine Borer management. I planted my “pumpkins” early, the first weekend in March, in straight compost with a little blood meal. In April I found some squash vine borer eggs and squished them. After that I knew I couldn’t get them all, the plants are just too big. So this morning I was checking the plants and saw this. This is obviously where a squash vine borer emerged, but it didn’t kill the plant! It only killed the leaf stem, not the whole vine. I then found five more holes like this on other vines, all fine and growing healthy with fruit on them.

vineborerdamage

My theory is that these vines were old/large/strong enough to withstand the borer damage because I planted them so early. The squash vine borers may have emerged late because of that late frost we had in March. Whatever the factors, next year I will plant squash a week earlier than I did this year and hope for the same results. This means that SVB are not always  instant death to squash plants, older healthy plants can withstand the damage and still produce.

other squash 1

This is a whole ‘nother issue. About half the fruit produced by both types of squash die in this manner, discolored and shriveled but with no visible insect damage and no visible larvae inside. This might be the result of leaf-footed bugs sucking the life out of the young fruits, I killed probably 50 juvenile leaf-footed bugs this week.

I am deeply happy at the success of my developing food forest overall. This patch of ground was weedy sugar sand just a year ago. I will be disappointed if none of these plants end up being Seminole pumpkins, but that’s the risk you take with home seed-saving and planting home-saved seeds. Good thing I like spaghetti squash!

New Annuals Bed

Isn’t it funny when you angst over a problem in your head for weeks or even months, building the problem up to be this insurmountable giant… and then when you decide to just jump in, the answer presents itself almost immediately? It’s like pushing hard against a door and finding it open.

Last fall I asked for advice on the previous homeowner’s bermuda grass-infested raised bed. I tried to sheetmulch the bed last summer and the grass was not only undaunted by my attempts, it subsumed the cardboard in a matter of weeks. Unable to commit to using glyphosate and completely daunted by the idea of digging it out, I just laid thick outdoor carpet over the whole thing and left it alone for the winter.

So a few weeks ago we pulled back the carpet to see what was happening. The carpet trick had worked on the less-grass-infested of the two annual beds, the one on the left. We easily dug out the rest of the grass, filled that bed with fresh compost and planted tomatillos and ashwaganda last weekend. On the right bed the bermuda grass was not much affected. It was yellowed but still growing. I had to do something though, the seedlings were ready to plant out and this is where they were supposed to go. So I pulled the wood frame up and out of the way, cut laboriously all the way around one corner with a sharp spade and yanked… and the whole corner came out of the ground! The grass was rooted through some thin felt-type weed cloth, but once I cut the weed cloth and got a good hold of a corner, it all just lifted right up out of the sand like a mat. I just stood there gaping for several minutes, then ran into the house, hollering for my husband.

annualbed2

Thankfully his additional weight on that sharp spade cut through the grass, roots, and weed cloth like butter. (Well okay, maybe not “butter”, but easier than me balancing on the spade and jumping up and down) He cut the grass into sections in less than 10 minutes. Then I loaded the sections, which were each a foot thick mat of grass, roots, sand, and weed cloth, onto my trusty red wheelbarrow and carted them across the street to my growing weedy compost pile. I cleared the grass, dug out the remaining roots, and raked it all smooth in less than 30 minutes.

annualbed3

After that I laid down a thick layer of newspapers and shredded office paper and wetted it all down. The sky clouded up briefly, as you can see.

annualbed4

Then I filled the whole bed to the top with compost.

annualbed5

And then I planted!  Everona tomatillos, Rose Bianca eggplants, and a few cantaloupe seedlings in the back corners. I’m hoping the cantaloupes will sprawl out of the bed and across the grass to the fence.

annualbed6

Now it’s all mulched with straw and we had a good rain today. I’m especially proud of those seedlings, these are the first I’ve ever started from seeds. I’ve simply moved the piece of carpet over to lay on the spot next to this bed for the summer. Hopefully this will kill back the grass underneath and I’ll add a new raised bed there in the fall. This took about two hours, start to finish. I am so thrilled this is done!

annualbed7

A Garden Mystery

One of the garden projects I was most excited about this Spring was the cantaloupe project my daughter and I were supposed to be working on together. We were going to test three different cantaloupe varieties to see which grew best in our yard. This bed was full of butterbeans up until January when I pulled the last one, mulched with straw which had already begun to decompose. Then I dumped 10 square yards of rabbit manure on top of the decomposed straw. I raked the rabbit manure into hills, added a few scoops of fine potting soil on the top of each hill, and deeply mulched between the hills with spoiled hay. Elizabeth helped plant the seeds when they got here. And then we waited. And waited. And waited. No seedlings.

After two weeks I started to get worried and poked around in the beds. We did have a light frost during this period, but there were no seedlings to freeze. The soil surface seemed undisturbed. Some seeds were there but were broken open and empty. Most of the seeds were just gone. I chalked it up to birds and re-planted, patting myself on the back for keeping back some of the seeds from the original planting “just in case”.

lonelysprout

This time after two weeks only four of the seeds have sprouted. Two of the six hills have no germination at all. So this time I dug down even deeper in one of the hills and pulled back the rabbit manure and old straw… and the sandy soil underneath was seething with tiny black ants. Are the black ants the reason for the seeds not germinating? Should I try to get the ants to move by disturbing the nest? Should I just give up and plant something else?

frontbedHere is a photo of the whole bed with six hills of rabbit manure on top of rotted straw, mulched by spoiled hay. I planted the back edge of the bed against the house with multi-branching sunflower seeds three weeks ago and not a single sunflower has come up yet, either. Most of those green plants you see are either oxalis or betony, which I have given up trying to eradicate.

Suggestions welcome, even if it’s “give up and plant something else”.

Herb Garden

One of my goals since I moved in here has been a large culinary herb garden. I love cooking with fresh herbs and hate paying a premium for fresh herbs when I know how easy they are to grow or worse, paying for a large bag of fresh herbs when I only need a tablespoon. I had a small herb patch at the old apartment and found which herbs were easy to grow and which were unexpectedly difficult in our peculiar climate.

The design of the herb bed has been rather amorphous. It started as an herb spiral until I realized how unrealistic herb spirals are at a decent size, so it’s just been a patch of composting wood chips. I started planting in it despite a lack of clear vision, knowing that I’d probably have to dig all the plants up and move them at least once. No fear, herbs are tough and seeds are cheap.

old herb garden

The bed is roughly semi-circular, with the point of the angle dug down for a rain garden to take the water sheeting off the driveway during heavy rains. The challenge was the size- too large to reach into the middle without stepping on the soil. It needed stepping stones, or a path, or something. So I made desultory sketches in my garden notebook, lists of plants I wanted to grow, ignored the weeds, and let it simmer in the backbrain for a while. Then just a few days ago, I happened to take a picture of the herb bed from a certain angle, and I realized the shape of the bed and the orientation reflect the setting sun.

I started sketching immediately.

The next day I bribed my kids and some of their friends to start digging up bricks from the back patio. I hauled the bricks around in a wheelbarrow, used a rake to dig out the paths, and just laid the bricks directly in the trough. I didn’t worry about setting the bricks in anything, this is an experiment. The three paths took a couple hundred bricks.

brick paths

Then I raked out the weeds in the new wedge-shaped beds between the brick paths, dumped some fine soil on top, and started planting seeds: thyme, oregano, marjoram, wild bergamot, echinacea, garlic chives, and lots of parsley. The fact that this bed was a pile of rough wood chips just a few months ago is a wonder. Then I covered the beds in plenty of loose straw and watered it all in well.

new herb garden

I can’t believe how pretty and functional this design turned out to be and I can’t wait for my seeds to start sprouting! Later in the spring I’ll replace the cilantro with culantro, the dill with epazote, and find a corner for a bay tree and maybe some sweet melissa. Any herbs I’m forgetting?

Seed Starting Day!

Today is Seed Starting Day! I am armed with Fafard’s super-fine soil, seedling flats, and lots of recycled containers.

Vegetables:

Thai Red roselle- sow in flats
Star of David Okra- sow in flats
Seminole pumpkin- sow in ground among fruit trees to sprawl
Green Nutmeg Melon- sow in ground (front bed)
Piel de Sapo Melon- sow in ground (front bed)
Florida Broadleaf mustard- sow along edge of fruit trees
Dragontongue beans- sow in ground among fruit trees, succeed with Speckled Butter Beans
Sierra Gold melon- sow in ground ( front bed)
Rosa Bianca eggplant, Everona Green tomatillo, Goldie ground cherry, Cossack Pineapple ground cherry- sow in flats

Culinary Herbs:

Wild Bergamot, Summer Thyme, Sweet Marjoram, Greek Oregano, Italian parsley- sow in flats

Medicinal Herbs:

Leopard Flower- 30 days in damp sand in the fridge, then in flats
Comfrey- sow on the edge of fruit trees to crowd/shade out stupid florida betony
Madder- sow in garden (vine!)
Andrographis- Scarify, then sow in flats
Passionflower- try half 30 days in damp sand, 1/2 24 hours soaking then sowing
Codonopsis- sprawling vine, plant in the shade
Echinacea- wait a month, then sow in butterfly bed
Ashwagandha- sow in flats

Pretties:

Inca Jewels sunflower- direct sowing
Sensation cosmos- direct sowing

New Pond Porn

Or, What Happens When You Visit the Hardware Store, part 327.

I love backyard ponds. My in-laws had a small kidney-shaped pond as part of their landscaping near Williston for many years. My father-in-law has funny stories of watching raccoons fish for minnows right in their rural front yard. When they moved to south Florida we inherited the tiny pond. We sunk it in the tiny flowerbed behind our townhouse. I added a variety of native plants, fish, and snails to the pond and the pond became entirely self-regulating. Over the years I watched all kinds of life take advantage of that small amount of water. Rat snakes, skinks, geckos, leopard frogs, green tree frogs, dragonflies, and various birds all thrived around that little pond, and even the neighborhood armadillos used it for drinking water. It really increased the amount and variety of fauna in our tiny yard.

We of course dug up the pond and brought it with us, along with all of the plants and most of the fish and invertebrates. Other projects came first so the little plastic pond sat in the side yard filled with plants, fish, and a little pump to keep the water from stagnating. Finally last weekend it was time to start installing the pond! My valiant husband and boys wrestled the huge coquina rocks into place, dug the hole, sank the pond, and filled it all in. (This sounds easy but really took an entire afternoon of scraped hands, a pulled shoulder, and a whole lot of chilly damp sand.) The plan was to pump the water up the rock behind the pond where it would pool in a natural depression in the rock and then trickle down like a little waterfall.

Except the cute natural depression turned out to be riddled with holes.

So the menfolk decided to call it a day. My husband’s plan was to buy some kwik-crete and patch the holes, which he would tackle the very next weekend.

Saturday rolls around again, and we decide to go to the big chain hardware store. We walk into the garden department to look at pond pumps, and lo and behold… my daughter spots a gigantic pond form on sale for $74. It was easily twice the size of the small kidney-shaped pond with two shelves for plants and a curvy rectangular outline. Obviously, we bought the pond.

When we unloaded it in the driveway and my older son came out and saw it, all he said was, “Really, Dad?”

Sinking and leveling a pond that big was difficult. The boys had to start over twice to get the ground level high enough and the pond level. Finally it was done. We filled the pond, put the plants back, and turned the pump on.

My husband and I have big plan for this corner. We’ve been collecting bromeliads for over a year to tuck into all the nooks and crannies of the coquina, the ferns we had to move from this corner will get tucked between the rocks and the pond edges, and we’re planting more giant elephant ears and some clumping bamboo behind the big rocks. I can’t wait to see what this is going to look like in six months!

More fruit trees!

Planting trees is a bit daunting. It’s a long-term commitment with a real chance of failure and a slow rate of return.

How do I know if I’m doing it right? What if I change my mind? What if the tree is in the wrong place? What if it grow too big for this space? Am I planting too close to the house? Too close to the other trees?

Huh. Kinda like parenting.

I’ve been staring at this patch of sheet-mulched ground sketching out guilds, plans, and planting diagrams to use the available space, sun, and water to the greatest efficiency. Then I happened on great deals for two feijoa trees and two pomegranate bushes. After a month of dithering and watching them slowly wither in their too-small pots, I finally just screwed my courage to the sticking-place over the weekend and put the damn things in the ground.

Each hole was cut through the mulch and cardboard to the earth below, filled with half a bag of mushroom compost, and then the trees planted in the compost. Then each tree was watered in thoroughly, gently shaking the trunk to make sure there were no air pockets. And now, looking at it all together like this, the trees are following a rough spiral shape, which is one of the planting shapes recommended in permaculture books.

I can’t wait to see what this is going to look like a year from now.

And of course, what comes in at the library the day after I put these trees in the ground? Edible Forest Gardens by Dave Jacke and Eric Toensmeier. Volumes one and two! I haven’t even opened them yet, for fear of finding out that I’m doing it all wrong. But I still have guilds to build between the trees, and three plum trees and a persimmon to complete the spiral.

Blueberry Bed Almost Finished!

This is a big yard and we’re always finding empty nooks and corners. Finding the best uses for the empty or underutilized spots in the established parts of the yard is interesting work; each spot is a long-term experiment.

One of the larger empty spots is in the back, just off the north edge of the patio. There was an untrimmed and unhealthy azalea in the middle of a large mulched area, about 10′x12′. After trimming the azalea back and digging around, I realized that there was 2 layers of thick landscaping felt under the mulch. The landscaping felt has been there a very long time, the roots of the azaleas were growing through it searching for nutrients. Since the mulch wasn’t in contact with the soil, the mulch wasn’t decomposing and releasing nutrients back to the plants, and no one had fertilized back there in a long time. So we pulled back the landscape fabric, raked the mulch back, and let everything rest for a few months. With the azaleas all around I thought the space would work well for rabbiteye blueberries.

About a month ago I planted a few small and scraggly “Brightwell” rabbiteye blueberry bushes I got for a really good price from the Edible Plant Project. One succumbed almost immediately from some leaf-spot disease, leaving an empty hole and three unhappy-looking blueberry bushes. I bought two much larger and more robust “Alice” blueberry bushes at the farmer’s market a few weeks ago and decided to try a one-time application of chemical fertilizer to give all the blueberries a good boost before the first freeze. My husband went to the garden center for fertilizer and they sold him a sulphur acidifier for azaleas and blueberries instead. I almost sent him back- I detest being “sold” on something I didn’t want- but decided to give the garden center employee the benefit of the doubt. I spread the acidifier and watered it in well. I gave each plant a good shovelful of compost, put down some thick shipping paper for weed suppression, and I’ll be mulching deeply with pine straw as soon as I can get to the park with a rake and some bags.

Zone 1- The Herb Bed

I’ve talked before about how permaculture theory divides your property into zones according to human use. Zone 1 is the area closest to people, the areas that get the most traffic. Zone 1 should include what we need/want to interact with or use on a daily basis. Since I use fresh herbs on a daily basis I knew I wanted the herb bed close to either the front door or office door and close to water for irrigation. I decided to split the butterfly/native bed and use the third closest to the house for culinary herbs. In the original plan, the herb bed was to the east of the front porch, but after longer observations of sun/shade patterns on my property, that whole area has been reserved for fruit trees. This is the corner that was heavily sheet mulched in June, and is now almost weed-free. I’m simple dumping more composted cow manure and leftover potting soil on top of the mulch to plant seeds, and digging through the mulch for the plants.

So far I’ve planted:

marjoram, parsley, and cilantro seeds
3 each sage and rosemary
2 lemongrass plants
There’s already basil and Thai basil bushes directly across the sidewalk, I’ll leave those in place but move the thyme plants to the edges of this bed. 

The sunken corner of the herb bed is reserved for the “rain garden” and soon should be planted with various irises. This is where the runoff from the driveway should be directed now, but I’m waiting for the next heavy rain to make sure it’s working before I plant anything. I can’t wait to finish the stone border. I love irises so much and I’m hoping they love this sunny spot with lots of heat and occasional flooding.